China Commercial Vehicles: From Small to Large, From Weak to Strong

Like the changes in the economic situation, in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's commercial vehicle industry has undergone earth-shaking changes. Since China's first batch of trucks went offline in 1956, the commercial vehicle industry in China has been more than 50 years old. However, China's commercial vehicles have really grown from small to large, from weak to strong, it has occurred in the reform and opening up nearly 30 years. Thirty years ago in 1978, when the annual sales of trucks were only 96,000, the production and sales of passenger cars were zero. However, by 2007, the annual sales volume of China's trucks has reached 2,144.5 thousand, the annual sales of passenger cars have reached 349,500, and the sales volume of commercial vehicles has increased by a full 25 times.

Trucks rank among the top ten in the world

As the demand for trucks has increased year after year after the reform and opening up, the competitive pressures brought about by the market economy have become larger and larger, and companies have gradually realized the importance of technological improvement and improvement of product performance. Taking the volume production of CA141, FAW's first upgrade product in 1987, as a symbol, the history of a consistent system for 30 years after the liberation of China's trucks was over.

China's trucks have a long history of starting, a good foundation, and a deep accumulation. Therefore, their development process is not from scratch, but from small to large and from weak to strong. Since 1987, the industry has been affected by FAW's escalation and upgrading of the old liberation, and major companies have followed the example of investment in the upgrading of old products. The trucking industry has gradually changed from single product to serialized, multi-variety, large-volume, and standardized. The direction of development.

The introduction of trucks is different from that of passenger cars. There are almost no complete vehicle introductions. Most of them are the introduction of key parts. The other parts of the assembly and parts are independently developed and designed, so they can continue their independent design. The main theme of independent development and independent construction. It is this kind of independent development that has brought back its own brands rooted in the hearts of Chinese people in the past 20 years. The influence of this brand has also become the most effective weapon to resist imported products. This is totally different from the situation of the independent brands of passenger cars that are currently struggling in the market. According to statistics from the China Automobile Engineering Society, in 2007 in the field of commercial vehicles, the market share of China's own brands was close to 90%, of which self-owned brands accounted for 94% of the sales of trucks.

In the development of domestic commercial vehicles, Steyr introduced the project must be mentioned. In July 1983, the Steyr project feasibility study was approved by the state. In December of that year, China’s heavy-duty auto industry associate company and Austria’s Steyr-Daimler-Puch Corporation signed the “Heavy-duty Vehicle Manufacturing Technology Transfer Contract” in Beijing, introducing the Steyr 91 series heavy-duty with a total mass of 1,640 tons. In addition, ZF transmissions, steering gears, and Fuller transmissions have also been introduced into the car. The construction scale is to produce 10,000 heavy-duty trucks and 5,000 WD615-series engines annually. In 1986, the technical reform project was started. On April 8, 1995, China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Steyr Automotive Project was established. In Jinan, it passed the national acceptance and acceptance.

Steyr technology introduced by China was at the time of the international level in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The introduction of Steyr technology made up for the vacancy in China's heavy truck industry at that time. Subsequently, the original CNHTC Group began to absorb, integrate, localize, independently develop, and innovate Steyr technology. In 1986, after the establishment of China National Heavy Duty Truck Technology Development Center, it organized three times of digestion and absorption of drawings and schedules and Chinese cultural work. The Chinese culture of these drawings ensured that the requirements for the organization of production and bulk production according to the plan will enable Steyr's technology to quickly radiate to truck production plants and related scientific research units in more than 10 provinces and cities across the country and will be built by Steyr. As a domestic advanced heavy-duty vehicle product platform. In June 1989, China's first domestic Star-Steyr heavy truck went offline in Jinan. Since then, Steyr's shadow has been seen everywhere in China's heavy truck market.

In 2001, the newly restructured China National Heavy Duty Truck Co., Ltd. introduced the Steyr technology that had been introduced for more than ten years and focused on improving the cab to develop the Steyr Flygt series. After many years of hard work, by the end of 2004, CNHTC has launched the HOWO7 series of products that have completely freed itself from Steyr's technology platform and have independent intellectual property rights and own brands. Today, China National Heavy Duty Truck has become a leader in independent research and development in China. First, it has become one of the most influential companies in the world truck industry.

In short, after China’s accession to the WTO, the cargo vehicle industry in China seized the opportunity to actively participate in the division of labor in the global automotive industry, and the gap between product technology and quality and the international advanced level was significantly reduced. Individual new products have gradually been in line with international standards. Exports maintained rapid growth. Leading companies such as FAW, Dongfeng, and China National Heavy Duty Truck Group have already ranked among the top ten in the world in the production and sales of trucks.

"The lack of weight and lightness" completely changed the situation

FAW introduced the former Soviet Union's "Gies 150" 4t truck. The two vehicles that began construction in the late 1960s are also very similar to China Card. When China’s trucks were first started, considering the strong use of China’s cartoons, at the time of the highway conditions, this led to the dominant position of China Card in the early period of reform and opening up, and the heavy shortage of heavy trucks and light and micro-cards, resulting in large tonnage goods. Can not pull, small tonnage of goods and waste of transport capacity, causing great trouble to China's transport industry. After 30 years of development, our country's "lack of weight and light weight" problem has been fundamentally resolved. By the end of 2007, the market share of China Card had been reduced to 11.0%, heavy trucks had increased to 22.7%, micro-cards had grown to 14.7%, and light trucks had increased to 51.5%. This means that the product structure of China's trucking industry has evolved from a medium-sized unified world to a heavy, medium, light, and miniature one. Basically in line with the needs of China's national economic development.

At the same time, since the beginning of the 21st century, due to the rapid development of expressway networks and automobile logistics, the implementation of the toll-by-weight policy, the steady increase in road freight and cargo turnover, the rapid development of infrastructure construction and real estate development, etc. More than 15 tons of heavy-duty trucks, dump trucks, construction vehicles, and trailers with trailers over 25 tons have grown very rapidly. The high tonnage of trucks shows an irresistible trend. In order to meet the requirements of high-tonnage loading, domestic major heavy-duty vehicle products have adopted enhanced design enhancements such as reinforced axles, reinforced suspensions and reinforced frame assemblies. Moreover, the single-stage reduction axle was gradually replaced by the wheel-side reduction axle; the transmission began to develop in the direction of high-end to meet the complex transportation needs of high-speed, heavy-duty and multiple road conditions.

With the increasing demand for resource products from social and economic development, resource transportation has also brought about a major impact on the structural adjustment of trucks. For example, in the mid-1990s, the state required cement to be changed from the past paper bag to bulk, which led to the market demand for cement cans. The types of trucks in China are no longer limited to tractors and high-grade rail cars. The market for special vehicles for conversion has gradually grown. There are countless varieties of special vehicles. In the new century, the segmentation of China's truck market has further increased significantly, and a large number of individualized demands have emerged. In this market environment, some new faces began to show its attractiveness. The emergence of new heavy truck companies such as Futian Auman, Anhui Hualing, and JAC heavy trucks has greatly enriched the variety of trucks and provided more choices for consumers' individual needs.

One of the global bus manufacturing centers

Compared with trucks, the passenger bus industry in China started a full 10 years later. It was not until 1965 that the first domestic passenger car was formally rolled out. In 1985 after the reform and opening up, passenger car production began to enter the 10,000-class level. It can be said that without reform and opening up, there will be no glory today in China's bus industry.

Through the comparison, if the passenger bus import and technology trade permit input, and then to the passenger car export and technology trade permit output as a sign, China's modern passenger car production system established in the last 30 years, its development history is equivalent to the European bus industry in the past 50 The path that the year has taken. At present, China has grown into one of the global bus manufacturing centers. According to the statistics of the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in 2007, China's large- and medium-sized passenger cars with a size of more than 7m had an annual production and sales volume of nearly 120,000 vehicles, accounting for more than one-third of the world market. This shows that China has established itself as a superpower in the world. The rapid growth of Chinese passenger cars in 2007 also shows that Chinese buses are playing a pivotal role in the global passenger car market.

With neither trade protection nor industrial policy support, Chinese bus companies have become more and more sophisticated in market competition. The traditional restructuring of state-owned enterprises, the joint ventures and cooperation of foreign manufacturers, and the entry of private capital ... market competition has made Chinese-made passenger cars "characteristic enough". The various types of vehicles developed according to the market are increasingly rich and varied, and the level of manufacturing technology is also getting higher and higher, and a related industrial chain for parts and components has been formed. The opening up of the passenger transport market is a direct driving force for the technological progress of Chinese passenger cars. The road passenger transportation and tourism passenger transportation market was opened to private enterprises, and the technology of highway buses and tourist buses was further promoted. The relatively monopolized bus service market, in the limited market competition, air conditioning, automatic transmission, environmental protection power, and low Flooring and other devices and technologies have also been applied and developed accordingly.

At present, China's passenger car industry has basically formed a large, medium and light complete, high, medium and low-grade product mix. Since the beginning of the 21st century, many passenger car companies in China have introduced technology through joint ventures and cooperation. With the entry of famous foreign passenger car manufacturers, China already has advanced passenger car body and chassis manufacturing technologies. Although China's large and medium passenger car body manufacturing technology has reached the world's advanced level, but the first failure mileage, average failure mileage, service life and other indicators are still lower than the international level.

High-speed growth in vehicle exports year after year

As mentioned above, the current domestic commercial vehicle market has an own brand share of 90%. Domestic commercial vehicle companies not only successfully blocked foreign brands, but also went out in recent years to eat the international market. According to statistics from the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in 2007 China's cargo vehicle industry exported a total of 247,723 vehicles, an increase of 59.28% year-on-year; the bus industry exported a total of 85,108 vehicles, an increase of 213.47% year-on-year. In August of this year, the number of trucks exported reached 192,297, an increase of 31.73% year-on-year; during the same period, the number of passenger cars exported was 54,607, an increase of 13.44% year-on-year. However, if calculated according to the amount, it will increase by 84.83% and 47.87% respectively year-on-year. Explain that the added value of export products is increasing. Now commercial vehicles have been exported to dozens of countries and regions, with modern and stylish appearance, synchronized technology with the world, good performance level, reliable quality, timely after-sales service, and competitive price/performance ratio, making China commercial vehicles It is deeply loved by local users in exporting countries and has made great contributions to enhancing the international image of Chinese cars.

In the process of introducing digestion, absorption, and independent innovation, China’s commercial vehicle companies not only learned the technology, but also significantly improved their capabilities in terms of production, sales, after-sales services, related quality standards, corporate culture, and personnel training. Brand system competitiveness. In the past 30 years, China's commercial vehicles have achieved remarkable success. Of course, compared with international high-end commercial vehicles, there are still some gaps in ride comfort, safety, key components such as engines and chassis, and electronic control technology. China's commercial vehicle industry has not entered the era of mergers and acquisitions. The road to globalization of commercial vehicles in China is full of promise but it is still long and winding. However, there is reason to believe that in the future, world-class commercial vehicle manufacturing will certainly have a place in China.

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