Development of electric and pneumatic automatic feed drilling power head
1 Overview
With the rapid development of science and technology and the need for large-scale industrial production, the use of special equipment to form modern high-speed assembly lines and multi-functional high-efficiency combined machine tools has ensured the accuracy of product processing, reduced production costs, and increased labor productivity in many industries. One of the key measures for enterprise competitiveness. The power head is an important power component of the combined machine tool. The quality and performance of the power head directly affect the performance of the entire machine tool. However, in the general design of the combined machine tool, the power head can only provide the main motion, and its feed motion is This is achieved by the accompanying hydraulic or mechanical slides, which brings great difficulties to the design and manufacture of combined machine tools. For this reason, based on the digestion and absorption of foreign advanced technology, the author developed a new type of electric, pneumatic automatic feed drilling power head, as shown in Figure 1. Pneumatic control and hydraulic damping system shown in Figure 2.
1.hydraulic governor 2.synchronous pulley 3.bearing 4.sealing ring
5. Spline shaft 6. Seal ring 7. Bearing 8. Drill chuck
9. Piston rod 10. Spindle 11. Cylinder block 12. Bearing
13. Bracket 14. Motor 15. Timing belt 16. Rear cover Figure 1
figure 2
2 Main structural features of electric and pneumatic automatic feed power heads
Electric and pneumatic automatic feed drilling power head consists of three parts: main motion, feed motion and control system.
(1) Main motion The main motion of the electric and pneumatic automatic feed drilling power head is driven by a three-phase asynchronous motor. The torque of the motor is transmitted to the spindle by the synchronous toothed belt and the splined shaft. Different spindle speeds can be changed by different Synchronous toothed belt wheel to achieve. Because the main motion of the power head is driven by a motor, the spindle has good speed characteristics, large output power and torque, and can be adapted to multi-axis drilling and machining conditions with a relatively large aperture.
(2) Feed motion Because the pneumatic transmission has the advantages of fast action response, good adaptability of the environment, simple structure, small size, etc., and can achieve stepless speed regulation, the working life is long, and the source of the power source is convenient, therefore, the power head is Feed movement uses compressed air as a power source. Taking into account the compressibility of the air, the smoothness of the movement of the power head at the time of the load change is poor, and the adjustment and control of the work feed speed is realized by a hydraulic speed governor. The speed of the power head is adjusted to the speed of fast forward and retreat. Flow valve to adjust.
(3) Control system Electrical and pneumatic feed feed to the drilling power head adopts compressed air as the power source, and its feed motion control also adopts pneumatic control system, which consists of a two-position five-vent control valve and a Motorized valve, two manual valves, several throttle valves and two external control air supply ports, compact structure, with manual and remote control operation functions and in-situ, front signal and reset signal protection. The power head quick course and work progress can be continuously adjusted through the stopper.
(4) Mechanical structure characteristics The electric and pneumatic automatic feed drilling power head is a drilling power head that integrates the main movement of the power head, the feed movement, and the control device. In order to achieve a compact shape, the power head adopts The main shaft is embedded in the cylinder structure, the main shaft is concentric with the piston rod, and the piston rod is hollow. The inside is equipped with imported rolling bearings to improve the accuracy of spindle rotation. The spindle is mounted on the bearing. The timing belt is connected to the motor through splines. The cylinder block is fixed on the bracket. The piston rod is equipped with a hydraulic speed regulator and stroke adjustment screw. By adjusting the screw collision limit switch, the power head spindle can be reset.
3 parameter calculation
The design parameters of electric and pneumatic automatic feed drilling power heads are mainly determined by the specified maximum bore diameter drilling parameters of the workpiece. Therefore, the calculation of the parameters of the electric and pneumatic automatic feed drilling power head must be started by calculation of the drilling process parameters.
(1) Calculation formula of drilling force
(1)
In the formula:
F—Drilling force required during drilling, N;
CF - material coefficient;
dO——the aperture of workpiece processing, mm;
XF - equal to 1;
YF - equal to 0.7;
f - feed rate, mm/r;
KF - Hardness coefficient of the workpiece.
(2) Drilling torque calculation formula
(2)
In the formula:
M - torque required during drilling, Nm;
CM - material coefficient;
dO——the aperture of workpiece processing, mm;
XM - equal to 1.9;
YM - equal to 0.8;
f - feed rate, mm/r;
KM - Hardness coefficient of the workpiece.
(3) Calculation formula for drilling power
PM=2Ï€Mn.10-3 (3)
In the formula:
PM - the power required during drilling;
n - the rotational speed of the drill, r/s.
(4) Calculation formula of the power head propulsion
F=π(D2-d2)pη/4 (4)
In the formula:
F - driving force of the power head, N;
D——piston diameter, mm;
d - piston rod diameter, mm;
P——supply pressure, MPa;
η - efficiency coefficient (0.85)
(5) Calculation formula of air consumption
Q=πS(2D2-d2)ηv.10-9/(4t) (5)
In the formula: Q - Air consumption under working pressure, m3/s;
S - maximum stroke, mm;
t - round-trip time, s;
Ηv——gastric capacity efficiency (0.9)
(6) Calculation results of main parameters Known design parameters are:
Spindle speed: n=2050r/min
Motor power: P=0.55kW
The biggest driving force: F=1800N
Maximum stroke: s=100mm
The maximum aperture of the workpiece: do = 4.5mm (steel)
CF=833.85 XF=1.0 YF=0.7
KF=1.0 CM=333.54 XM=1.9
YM=0.8 KM=1.0 f=0.17
p=0.5 η=0.85 ηv=0.9
d=35mm D=80mm t=10
Substituting the above data into equations (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5), respectively, results in:
Drilling force F=1085N
Drilling torque M=1.4Nm
Drilling power PM=0.3kW
Propulsion F=1692N
Air consumption Q=0.001m3/s
4 Application Examples
The electric and pneumatic automatic feed drilling power head is one of the important power components of the combined machine tool. The huge economic benefits brought about in the automotive industry, home appliance industry and motorcycle manufacturing applications have been practiced by many domestic and foreign manufacturers. Proven. The power head was developed and produced by the Guangzhou Machine Tool Research Institute and won the favor of customers. It has been widely used in light industry, elevator manufacturing and other machinery processing industries, and has gained considerable economic benefits.
5 Concluding remarks
(1) The electric and pneumatic automatic feed drilling power head is a high-tech product that integrates the main motion, feed motion and control system of the power head, and is a comprehensive application of many technologies such as machine, electricity, gas and liquid. result.
(2) As one of the important power components of the combined machine tool, the electric and pneumatic automatic feed drilling power head has the advantages of small size, light weight, compact structure, wide practical range, and varied combination, and can be combined into user's needs. Multiple forms of combined machine tools.
(3) The rotary motion (main motion) of the electric and pneumatic automatic feed drilling power head is directly driven by the motor through the timing belt, and the feed motion adopts compressed air as the power source to realize the spindle “fast forward—work forward—rewind The automatic circulation and feed motion adopt hydraulic damping, the feed speed is infinitely adjustable, the feed stroke is continuously adjustable, and the drilling power is large, which can drive multiple drill shafts at the same time.
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